Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Mahdi Modiri; Ashraf Azimzadeh Irani
Abstract
Introduction
Preservation and maintenance of historical urban fabrics or fabrics containing cultural heritage of cities is of special importance, because these fabrics, in addition to creating a sense of identity and stimulating national pride, improve the citizens' quality of life. "Improvement"is ...
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Introduction
Preservation and maintenance of historical urban fabrics or fabrics containing cultural heritage of cities is of special importance, because these fabrics, in addition to creating a sense of identity and stimulating national pride, improve the citizens' quality of life. "Improvement"is one of the methods and, of course, the most appropriate one, of intervention in the historical fabrics of cities, because in this type of intervention, the principle is based on "loyalty to the past and the preservation of identity-stimulating effects".
Improvement activities are aimed at using available potential and actual facilities, strengthening positive aspects and weakening negative ones. In each of the improvement measures, no significant intervention is performedin the physical aspect, and only by replacing the proper functioning of activity, the erosion of this type of urban space is prevented, and by making changes in urban activities, favorable urban spaces are created. Since the observance of the "passive defense requirements" as well as the "sustainable urban development principles" is an essential requirement in selecting the appropriate pattern for the improvement of the old urban fabric, the study of the principles governing these two concepts indicates thatcontradictions exist between these principles. In the present study, we have mainly studied and examined these two important and influential concepts on the improvement patterns of historical urban fabric, and carried out a comparative study of the principles governing them. The purpose of this research is to outline the contradictions between the requirements of passive defense and the principles of sustainable urban development in the improvement pattern of urban historical fabric and to find a suitable solution in this regard.
Materials & Methods
The research method was applied in terms of the aim, and descriptive-exploratory in terms of conduct. The data gathering method was both documentary (secondary) and field surveys, and analyses were performed using the ArcGIS software and also by the Paired Comparison Analysis method. The historical fabric of the 12th district of Tehran, with an emphasis on the historical element of the museums, was the case study of this paper, which made it possible to achieve the results of the research. In order to prioritize some uses in positions where the studied historical element (museum) are located, from the point of view of passive defense as well as from sustainable urban development perspective, we can use the Paired Comparison Analysis method to achieve the most balanced result, so that the conflict between the two approaches is not significant. First of all, the importance of each single studied use is examined from either of the two perspectives through the spatial analysis ofthe position of that particular use relative to the location of the museums. Then, the view of passive defense concerning each use has been compared with that of sustainable urban development according to the relevant criteria, and scored on the basis of importance.
Results & Discussion
The results of the research show that, in order to find the most suitable pattern of intervention - of improvement type - in the historical fabric, it is necessary that along with emphasis on the requirements of passive defense and principles of sustainable urban development, we must, in addition to prioritizing changes in uses, reduce the grounds for the creation of any kind of contradiction in approaches. Therefore, in the present paper, the uses and elements affecting theregion have been analyzed in relation to the studied fabric (museums). In the investigated pattern, actions and predictions to improve the physical and spatialquality of environment through the replacement of proper operation of activity will prevent the erosion of the historical urban fabric, and by creating changes in urban activities, favorable spaces for the protection of historical fabric will be created.
Conclusion
In spite of the proof of the conflict between "passive defense requirements" and "principles of sustainable urban development", the emphasis on both concepts in the improvement pattern of city’s historical fabric isinevitable.
Therefore, by adopting an appropriate model for improvement and appropriate methods of intervention, it is possible to perform the important task of preserving the historical fabric by optimally changing some of the uses.
Hossein Hatami nejad; Ashraf Azimzadeh Irany
Abstract
Given that cities have the majority of the country's population and are often the economic, political, cultural, social and governance centers in countries, theirreadiness against crises (passive defense) should always be considered by the relevant experts. Organizing the city on the scale of the neighborhood ...
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Given that cities have the majority of the country's population and are often the economic, political, cultural, social and governance centers in countries, theirreadiness against crises (passive defense) should always be considered by the relevant experts. Organizing the city on the scale of the neighborhood (as the smallest and most effective urban unit) based on the requirements of passive defense, in order to deal with the crises (natural and man-made) and minimizing the hazards using geographical techniques and urban planning, are the objectives of this research. Therefore, the sixth district’s neighborhoods of Tehran’s 2nd region were selected as a case study and the results of the research were presented so that the possibility of generalization of similar surveys and studies in other urban areas would be provided. The present research is an applied- type, and the method of the research is normative-analytical. The scientific foundations of this research are based on the concepts of urban crisis management with an emphasis on geography and urban planning knowledge. In this research, after the recognition and evaluation of the present situation, the dimensions of the vulnerability of neighborhoods at the time of the crisis, the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the threats and opportunities of each neighborhood have been investigated with the passive defense approach, and the relevant conclusions have been drawn on this basis. Data collection was done based on library method and field studies, and a comparative method was used to provide the conclusions. In this research, the SWOT analytical technique was used to determine the strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities, as well as to provide strategies, policies and suggestions for necessary actions, and ArcGis software was used to display and analyze the descriptive data. The results of the research indicate that the attention to components such as city structure, urban texture, city form, urban land use, and finally the social contributions of residents of each neighborhood, can make it possible to organize urban neighborhoods based on the requirements of passive defense. The results of the research reflect the fact that paying attention to the components such as city structure, city texture, city form, urban land use, and finally the social contributions of the residents of each neighborhood, can make it possible to organize urban neighborhoods based on the requirements of passive defense.
Ashraf Azimzadeh Irani
Volume 16, Issue 62 , August 2007, , Pages 68-70
Abstract
Geo-Info is an advanced drawing system that started operation in land organization in Poland and then developed. This system has now determined standards for preparing large-scale maps. In this paper, applications and capabilities of the Geo-Info system have been discussed. The Geo-Info system was designed ...
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Geo-Info is an advanced drawing system that started operation in land organization in Poland and then developed. This system has now determined standards for preparing large-scale maps. In this paper, applications and capabilities of the Geo-Info system have been discussed. The Geo-Info system was designed in 1992 for the Department of Geodesy and Poland Land Organization at Wielkopolska's local office and is currently utilized to prepare a map for 30 percent of the country's land, especially the western part of Poland. This system is designed for storing and providing data on the subject of land and on scales from 1: 10,000 to 1: 250. System inputs are supported by simple designs and maps, books about land and coordinate-based lists. By this system, each person can create a database for themselves by using batch files (1) and digital maps.
Ashraf Azimzadeh Irani (Translator)
Volume 15, Issue 59 , November 2006, , Pages 15-21
Abstract
One of the main tasks of spatial information systems such as GIS is the aggregation of various data sets and their preparation for communication and analysis in various applications. The aggregation of data in spatial information systems requires collection of different types of data drawn from ...
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One of the main tasks of spatial information systems such as GIS is the aggregation of various data sets and their preparation for communication and analysis in various applications. The aggregation of data in spatial information systems requires collection of different types of data drawn from multiple sources, which would in turn necessitate complete alignment among these data sets and the similarity of features and phenomena in them. For example, it is possible that spatial information be extracted in several forms and from several sources, that is, the GIS data sources can be maps from land surveying, photogrammetry and remote sensing on different scales or with different resolution or at different times. In addition, there is a risk of data being obtained in ways that are incompatible and different in terms of validity. Some details may also be omitted or not defined. The incompatibility among various data is likely to come from an incompatibility among spatial information of the data recorded, including differences in dimensions (size), shape, composition, position accuracy or orientation.
Ashraf Azimzadeh Irani (Translator)
Volume 11, Issue 44 , February 2002, , Pages 36-38
Abstract
With current technology, combined processing of spatial datasets from multiple sources has become possible. Misuse of datasets often makes their processing expensive, time consuming and inaccurate. How can such problems be minimized?The authors of this paper have presented the results of their research ...
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With current technology, combined processing of spatial datasets from multiple sources has become possible. Misuse of datasets often makes their processing expensive, time consuming and inaccurate. How can such problems be minimized?The authors of this paper have presented the results of their research on the construction of a warning system based on two types of solutions.The first solution is to limit the use of data to only one specific operation. The next solution is the need to analyze the metadata of dataset in order to determine the functionality of dataset in different cases.
